Know Your (Holding) Limits: CBDC, Financial Stability and Central Bank Reliance, ECB Occasional Paper No. 326, 2023, with Barbara Meller (latest version available here) - Revise & Resubmit
Presented at the the Dutch Central Bank, the European Central Bank (by co-author), the 12th International Conference of the Financial Engineering and Banking Society (by co-author), the EEA-ESEM annual conference in Rotterdam, the Czech National Bank Workshop on Financial Stability and Macroprudential Policy 2024, and the Bank of England's 2025 BEAR Conference.
Nieuwe Economen Podcast (in Dutch) - podcast in which we discuss the digital euro and how this research contributes to the digital euro project
Public money as a store of value, heterogeneous beliefs, and banks: Implications of CBDC, ECB Working Paper No. 2801, 2023 ,with Manuel A. Muñoz (latest version available here) - Revise & Resubmit
VoxEU column "Central bank digital currency and heterogeneous beliefs about bank stability: The role of public money as a store of value"
Presented at the University of Amsterdam, the Dutch Central Bank, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (by co-author), Oxford Financial Intermediation Theory Conference (by co-author) and the EEA-ESEM Congress 2023 (by co-author), and Erasmus University
Presented at the CEPR Conference: The Politics of Regulation and Central Banking, the European Stability Mechanism, the University of Amsterdam, the Tinbergen Institute, the Dutch central bank, the 2020 EEA annual congress, the EDEEM Doctoral Workshop 2019
Previously circulated with the title " The political economy of a diverse monetary union", CEPR discussion paper No. 13987
VoxEU column "The euro: A transfer union from the start"
SUERF Policy Note, Issue No 149 "A diverse monetary union creates invisible transfers that justify conditional solidarity"
Euro Stablecoins and their Potential Effect on Sovereign Bond Markets, ECB Macroprudential Bulletin No. 33., 2026, with Alexandra Born, Claudia Lambert, Benoit Nguyen, David Staunton, and Anton van der Kraaij
Digital euro safeguards – protecting financial stability and liquidity in the banking sector, ECB Occasional Paper No. 346, 2024, with Claudia Lambert, Barbara Meller, Cosimo Pancaro, Antonella Pellicani, Petya Radulova, and Anton van der Kraaij
Central bank digital currency and bank intermediation, ECB Occasional Paper No. 293, 2022, with R. Adalid, A. Álvarez-Blázquez, K. Assenmacher, L. Burlon, M. Dimou, C. López-Quiles, N. Martín Fuentes, B. Meller, P. Radulova, C. Rodriguez d’Acri, T. Shakir, G. Šílová, O. Soons, A. Ventula
SUERF Policy Note, Issue No 281 "CBDC and Bank Intermediation in the Euro Area", June 14th 2022
Central Banking Article, Issue No 149 "CBDC and bank intermediation in the eurozone", June 14th 2022
Presented at the European Central Bank, the European Commission, Deloitte Madrid, SUERF Webinar
"Determinants of Digital Euro Adoption Preferences", with Garcia T., Giovannini A., Lambert C., Pancaro C. and Soons O. Forthcoming 2026.
Presented at European Central Bank, and the DNB retail payment conference 2026.
Presented at the University of Amsterdam, the 16th Macro Finance Society Workshop, Warwick Economics PhD Conference 2020, the KVS new paper session 2020, the Nederlandse Economenweek 2020 and the AFA 2021 Annual Meeting Ph.D. Poster Session, the Tinbergen Institute.
Assenmacher K. and Soons O. (2025). "Bank Deposit Outflows and the Digital Euro Holding Limit." CEPR Frontiers of Digital Finance.
Van Overbeek F. and Soons O. (2023). “ The effects of the Economic and Monetary Union on export”. DNB analysis
Perotti, E. and Soons, O., (2022) "Structurele verschillen tussen lidstaten vereisen meer gezamenlijk beleid", ESB, 107(4812) --- (PDF)
Koutny et al., (2022) "How to Unlock the European Investment Bank’s Potential: four reforms", FEPS policy study
Co-authored with Christian Koutny, Johannes G. v. Luckner, and Neil Warner
Soons, O., (2020) "Structurele divergentie binnen eurogebied blijft bestaan", ESB, 105(4781) --- (PDF)
News coverage: Het Financieel Dagblad --- BNR Radio interview
Referee for Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, the Journal of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Financial Stability, and the Journal of Banking and Finance
Conference Discussions:
"Managing the transition to central bank digital currency", by Katrin Assenmacher, Massimo Ferrari Minesso, Arnaud Mehl, Maria Sole Pagliari, CEPR Frankfurt Hub International Conference, 2024
"Implications of Financial Architecture Change", by Dirk Niepelt, The Qatar Centre for Global Banking & Finance Annual Conference, 2024
"CBDC design and bank runs in non-cashless society: information channel", by Sofia Priazhkina, The Annual Meeting of the Central Bank Research Association, 2023
"Bitcoin and Ethereum: Coming Together?", by Pedro Bação, António Portugal and Helder Sebastião, Portuguese Finance Network Conference, 2021
"The European Monetary Union after Covid-19: Towards Fiscal Integration Aligned with Monetary Policy", by Ad van Riet, ERMEES Macroeconomics Workshop, 2021
"Monetary policy, Productivity, and Market Concentration", by Andrea Colciago and Riccardo Silvestrini, Nederlandse Economendag, 2020
"Monetary policy effects in times of negative interest rates: What do bank stock prices tell us?, by Joost Bats, Massimo Guiliodori and Aerdt Houben, Nederlandse Economendag, 2020
Lead-organizer DNB-Bruegel Conference "Taking Stock: 25 years of EMU", Amsterdam, 2023
Discussant at the book panel on 'The Politics of Monetary Solidarity' by Dr. Waltraud Schelkle (2019), organized by the Amsterdam Centre for European Studies (ACES)